The paper addresses the joint role of syntax and meaning in Finnegans Wake, James Joyce’s wildly experimental and strange last novel, published in 1939 and an enigma ever since. As a long line of commentators have pointed out, the Wake’s language may be bamboozling and strange but it possesses what Clive Hart referred to in the 1960s as a ‘fundamental syntactical clarity.’ Developing an argument made in fledgling form in my CCCR seminar on the Wake last year, I show that recognisably grammatical forms import two key elements to Joyce’s seemingly nonsensical work. Firstly, they make it possible to sight read the text: we know how to say strings of words like ‘the meteorpulp of him, the seamless rainbowpeel’ as if we mean them, with all the clarity of cadence that flows from that. Secondly, ‘syntactical clarity’ conveys key outlines of meaning. As Roman Jakobson incisively points out, grammar, including the subcategory of grammar known as syntax, does not just link linguistics elements; in any given language it has the further function of stipulating “aspects of experience that must be expressed.” For instance, however opaque its specific meaning, you cannot use a noun phrase in English—‘the seamless rainbowpeel’—without simultaneously making clear whether the phenomenon it refers to is singular or plural, and definite or indefinite: there is a definite rainbowpeel being referred to here. Hence the ghostly sense that we get of knowing roughly what is being talked about when reading the Wake, even if we don’t seem to get those sentences at all. We encounter a similar effect when reading English-language journal articles in disciplines we do not understand; or when reading poems. As for the latter, the kinds of ghostly grammatical meanings Jakobson points to and the Wake evinces so dramatically provide the necessary (and necessarily musical) background for new words and phrases to arise and take on meaning. The paper proceeds to argue that in this regard, as in so many others, the extreme that is Finnegans Wake gives us insight into the workings of strangely familiar language more generally.
Paul Magee’s most recent book is Suddenness and the Composition of Poetic Thought, published in Rowman and Littlefield’s Performance Philosophy series in 2022. A book of verse, Later Unearthed, is forthcoming from Puncher and Wattman in April. Paul is Professor of Poetry at the University of Canberra, where he directs the Centre for Creative and Cultural Research.
This presentation was accompanied by slides. To view the slides head to PaulMagee_Presentation.pptx
